Unit+IV

﻿ ﻿__**Unit IV**__ **;)**

 ﻿ ﻿ ﻿What was meant by the Far West? The Frontier?


 * Far West - the area that is in the farther west part of America
 * filled with diverse races in that area
 * lands west of the Mississippi River
 * have mountains, plains, and deserts --> diverse in climates and geography
 * Frontier - the western part of America
 * Great American Desert
 * area unsettled by people, waiting for people to settle in --> place of wealth, adventure, opportunitie
 * a place where people dream of starting anew
 * not a place, it's a concept --> concept is that it's a land of opportunity
 * line that separates the settled and the unsettled

__**Western Development **__
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">The Buffalo - **<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">the buffalo was a natural resource that the Indians of the West used for their needs and it was their economic basis
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">it was part of their life to have buffalos
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">the Indians counted on the buffalos on their survival, it provided them the resources they needed
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">their flesh for food, their skin for clothing, and their bones for weapons --> their live pretty much depended on a buffalo
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">since many of these Indian tribes counted on the buffalos to survive, many of them were being hunted by them --> before there was a great amount of buffalos in the Far West, but because of the Indians' needs the buffalo population started to decline into a few number of them, with only a few amount of them existing in the West this made life hard on the Indians because their resource is getting lower and lower
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">in 1865 there was an amount of 15 million buffalos and in 1875 there was only about a thousand left from all the hunting
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">The Railroad - **<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">there was a decline in mining and so that led to a decline to provide wealth and jobs for people (especially the Chinese) and so the railroad employment started to grow
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">the Chinese started on workling building railroads in the parts of the West --> many companies wanted to hired the Chinese to build the railroads because they were unaware of the labor organization and so the company can pay less for more work
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">starting to build the Trancontinental Railroad
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">90%of the Chinese workers worked on building railroads in the Central Pacific
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">railroads went through mountains and during the constructing time, it was very dangerous for the workers, workers faced life-threaten situations everyday while constructing the railroads --> facing such dangerous situations the Chinese ordered for more pay in the amount of work they do everyday
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">in the spring of 1866, 5,000 Chinese railroad workers went on strike and demanded for a better,higher pay and a shorter working day --> but in the end their strike failed and they went back to their work
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">when the railroads were done in 1869, the Chinese were left with nothing to do now and so many of them hired themselves on draninage and irrigration projects the agricultural valleys of central California, while others became common agricultural laborers
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">The Chinese - **<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">the Chinese communities were starting to grew larger and larger and this brought them critisism and persecution from the White Americans
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">there were anti-Chinese sentiments creating in the Far West because of the Chinese's existence
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">in the 18602-1870s anti-collie clubs emerged and wanted to ban the employment of the Chinese


 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">Chapter 17: Industrial Supremacy Preview **
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">1875ish - 1910ish: fast, rapid growth in the industry field
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">1st Industrial Revolution: 1820-1850
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">supremacy: the top, better than other
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">this time period is the 2nd Industrial Revolution: this is where America becomes the leading industrial country of the world
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">produce more --> America becomes extremely productive
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">wealth grows int country --> America becomes extremely wealthy
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">this time period is the birth of modern American capitalism
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">goes through many changes and development
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">technologies are become more and more advance, new technologies were created
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">airplanes/automobile are being created for the first time --> transportation are advancing
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">Henry Ford
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">people were using science to create new inventions and to modify inventions --> light bulb
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">Taylorism?
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">railroads were expanding within the country, it was expanding to more parts of the country --> being able to reach places they can't before
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">corporations were being created all over the nation --> turning America into a country filled with mordern industry businesses
 * corporations: has two or more owners of it, sell stocks, large businesses, run by professional business people
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">discusses the busnesses and companies in the country --> their regulations, how they managed their business/company
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">Andrew Carnegie: made his business out of steel working
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">John D. Rockefeller: wealtheist American ever
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">J. Pierpont Morgan: first financier
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">business owners were getting richer and wealthier while the workers were suffering --> birth of union for them that helps workers
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">workers started to unionize becuase they were suffering
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">capitalism began to emerged within the country --> modern American capitalism
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">discuss how it emerged
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">"self-made man" discusses about capitalism, somehow relates to it?
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">survival of the fittest: only those who are advancing along with the society can survive, if you don't change, you'll soon be kicked out of the modern society that America is turning into
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">people and the nation itself was becoming more and more wealthier
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">disadvantages of the new development --> wasn't working out that well for other people?
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">monopoly problems
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">workers trying to fit in in the new economy --> discusses how they worked and their wages and the time
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">poorly paid women
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">ineffective child-labor laws
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">strikes were happening because workers felt they were being treated unfair, wasn't getting enough pay?
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">disadvantages and advantages of this new change

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">**<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">Corporations in America **


 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">corporations were expanding due to this time period
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">companies were expanding their businesses throughout the nation, companies will be in both east and west of America doing its business
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">people such as Rockefeller took this chance to develop their own businesses and soon became quite very wealthy from this
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">businesses began selling stocks because of "limited liability"
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">horizontal and vertical integration contributed to this growth of corporations in this country
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">with horizontal integration, companies took over other companies and began expanding more and more
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">with vertical integration, companies started to take care of their own businesses rather than let others do their job --> that way it resulted that they can pay lesser than having others do their job for them
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">industries began expanding because consumers wanted more and more --> consumers want the product, companies make the product --> provide what they need --> become rich from benefiting this
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">developed new techniques to run their companies: division of responsibilities, control hierarchy, and cost-accounting procedures
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">used markets and stock
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">corprorations in America led to great wealth and bettered lives but at the same time it caused people to become pretty poor
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">owners pretty much took control over the workers, made them work more for less pay, that way the rich will remain rich
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">this led to even a even more capitalist economy for America --> people were getting wealthier by the minute while there were others who were barely benefiting from this
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">owners controlled their workers, making them work more and get paid less --> owners/corporations saved more money by doing this
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">by the end of the 19th century, 1% of the corporations controlled 33% of manufacturing --> but only few people were in power with this
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">"self-made man", people argued that those who became rich from this, took the opportunity for their own individual benefits --> they were self-made man and were corrupted, not benefitting the country as a whole
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">the rich used Social Darwinism to argued back that the fittest will survive and the weak die out --> they were the fittest because they took this opportunity while others just sit back and watch, so they can't blame them for being successful and rich
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">America's economy was basically running on all of these corporations

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden;">Social Darwinism: people who work hard deserves it and this defend the rich, wealth's actions are justify, separateed the rich and poor

media type="custom" key="7949744"
 * 2nd Industrial Revolution**


 * Imperialism**
 * **Define Imperialism**
 * industrialized country dominating underdeveloped countries
 * territorial expansion
 * economic/political influence
 * empire building
 * **Motivation for doing it**
 * Manifest Destiny influenced them to expand and take over other countries --> Americans believed they were much more superior than the other races --> more civilized and educated and so it's a God given right for them to take over others who are under (the races that they believed was under/lower than them)
 * countries with sea power were the great nations of history --> had more power and more trade --> helped increased trade and provided a more productive domestic economy, foreign commerce, a strong merchant marine, and a nacvy to defend trade routes
 * colonies that they dominated would provide the mother country their resouces, raw materials, and market
 * show that they're the stronger nation/country
 * **Examples of U.S. Imperialism**
 * //Harper's Magazines//: stating that America and any other English-speaking countries had the right and power to take control of every land (country) that was not yet an "established civilization"
 * America obtained Alaska
 * America's control over Philippines and Puerto Rico after the Spanish-American War


 * Notes from Video (Spanish-American War)**
 * Marti wanted America's help for his revolt against Spain's control and so he destroyed their sugar plantations so that America will come to them
 * Yellow Journalism: exaggerated newspaper writing --> printed stories about the revolts against Spain
 * many printed stories about the war with Spain (they exaggerated), but there was no war
 * America joined with the Spian rebels and fought Spain, and soon America took this advantage to take over Philippines
 * war ended four months later, August 12, 1948


 * 5W's of the Spanish-American War**
 * **Who**
 * Cubans: they wanted to break free from the control of Spain
 * Jose Marti: started the revolt against Spain, wanted America's help, but was killed by the Spanish
 * President Cleveland: he wanted to help the Cubans out and declared war against Spain
 * General Valeriano Weyler: a Spanish general who put the Cubans in camps to stop their revolts
 * Teddy Roosevelt: the Assitant Secretary of the Navy
 * Philippines: just like Cuban, was revolting against Spain also, America joined in to help them fight Spain
 * **What**
 * the Spanish-American War was a conflict between Spain and America in where America wanted to help Cuba to gain it's freedom and independence from Spain
 * in the beginning America wanted to just help Cuba out and help them gain their independence from Spain, but later on in war the Americans saw this as an opportunity to expand their powers and lands and so they began to take these territories by helping them fight with Spain --> the Treaty of Paris that America signed with Spain allowed them to take these territories and they achieved Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and Philippines --> later on America set Cuba free while they ruled over the Philippines
 * **When**
 * in 1895, the Cubans began to revolt against Spain
 * the war was delcared in April 1898 and the USS marine was sent to Cuba
 * in 1898, America seized Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico
 * the war ended 4 months later, when the Treaty of Paris was signed (1898)
 * **Where**
 * Philippines
 * Cuba
 * Puerto Rico
 * Manila
 * **Why**
 * this war took place between Spain and America because Cuba, Puerto Rico, Philippines, and other Spanish territories wanted to break free from the Spanish control over them and so America decided to help these lands out and joined into the conflict
 * the Americans saw this as an opportunity for them to take over these nations and help their own nation expand
 * America wanted to take control of these nation was because of its resources that it can provide America such as sugar canes
 * many American's were saying that America was being a very imperialist country


 * What is your thesis of the United States history, from 1781 to 1915?**
 * From 1781 to 1915, the United States history is filled with great change to the country, in which to raise the status and place of America in the world's society, new advancements and technology is being created and all these changes is modifying America into a much better, more powerful country.
 * [edited version] From 1781 to 1915, United States history is going through the same pattern of growth as the older nations, but their growth is much more faster and modern. With the help of new advancements and technology, this contributed to America's growth in the world even more and more, all these changes and growth is modifying America into a much better, more powerful nation in the world.
 * __Catherine's Thesis__: The US History from 1781 to 1915 is about how America shows the same pattern of growth as the older nations, except their technology advancements helped them to grow more rapidly than other nations and become a modern nation. However, stronger and better the US is, they still follow the basis of a developing powerful nation.
 * __Group's Thesis__: From the years 1781 to 1915, the economical, political, and social gorwth and ideas shows that America was creating its own unique culture and new advancements. It was a quickly developing into and powerful nation that followed the same pattern of growth as the older nations.
 * **Ideas to Support Thesis**
 * Imperialism
 * industrial Revolution
 * Growth of Cities (urbanization)
 * different ethnic groups in America
 * different system of government
 * new military techniques and organizations
 * Reconstruction --> New South
 * Social Classes
 * Capitalism
 * Social Darwinism
 * Yellow Journalism
 * Pop and High Culture


 * Themes of AP US History (1700s - 1900s)**
 * Demographic Changes
 * this is a theme of US history because as the US goes through many changes, its demographics changes along with it --> new immigrants and ethnic groups were all coming to the US from many different parts of the world, thus changing the demographics of US
 * demographics of the US population, throughout US history, changes due to the changes that America goes through
 * at first people that came to America was only for comapnies and colonizing the land --> mostly made up of British, their beliefs were different
 * when problems in different parts of the world, it causes people to move to new places for changes and survival
 * such as the Germans and the Irish, due to their homelands problems, huge amounts of them began to immigrate to America in the 1800s --> this caused the demographics of America to change, in the northern part of America was occupied with newly immigrated Irish and Germans
 * the Irish tends to live more in the urban areas and so the urban areas were nostly populated with the Irish, they were hated by the native whites because they were poor and due to this it also caused the demographics to change --> poor
 * slavery played a huge part in demographical changes in America --> the southern part of America was inhabiting many slaves, 2/3 of the southern population was made up of slaves --> their demographics had less whites and more blacks than other parts of America
 * in the Far West the demographics were Chinese, Indian, Hispanic but when the whites decided to take those lands, the demographics of that land turned into whites
 * many people immigrated to America becuase of troubles and poverty in their homelands and most of the Chinese immigrated to America dur to their poverty at their homelands and they wanted new and more economic opportunities
 * when the whites inhabited in the Far West
 * Economic Transformations
 * Economic Transformations