Unit+I

__**Unit I Work**__ ﻿  **:)**

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__**The Chesapeake Region**__

In the Chesapeake Region, the English began shipping people over again. After James I issued his 1606 charters, the London Company was headed toward Virginia to establish a colony. They sailed on 3 ships; the Godspeed, the Discovery, and the Susan Constant. In the spring of 1607, they arrived in America. They sailed into the Chesapeake Bay and up a river they called James and established their colony on a peninsula, they called it Jamestown. When the English arrived they were immediately infected with malaria. Malaria killed and weakened this new colony. Even while they were infected they still had to search for gold because London requested them to. This was a male colony which meant there was no women, many because of this intermarried Inidan women. When the English finally healed from malaria, many had died already. Later on they called themselves the Virginia Company. More of the English began migrating to Virginia, but many of them faced harsh weather during the trip. When they arrived they suffered through a bitter winter at this time they called it "The Starving Time". They didn't have any resources to send back to Europe, but they did find tobacco and started growing more and more of them. Soon this led to the slave trade to start.

__**Anne Hutchinson & The Puritans**__ What was her problem with them? What was their problem with her? Results? So What?

Anne Hutchinson argued that the members of the MA clergy had no right to spiritual office. She believed that the clergy were not elected and had not rights to exercise authority over their congregations and also that the clergy wasn't smart enough to be fit for this role. She also discussed about the proper role of Puritan women. Soon she developed her own group with her own followers. Her followers were given an active role in religious affairs. Her influence and followers were in such a big amount that it prevented Winthrop's reelection as governor in 1636. Because of this the male clergy began restricting. Later on Hutchinson's followers migrated out of MA and New Hampshire and Maine. There, Captain John Mason received charter from New England and New Hampshire became a colony. This is the beginning of the fight for women rights and for religious freedom in America.

1. Royal- colonies that were governed by the representatives of the kings of monarchy in England 2. Proprietary- ruled by wealth, private/strong powerful owners 3. Chartered- colonists receives money from king but in return they have to give money/some valuables/profits back to king in England 4. Self Governing- when the colonists/colonies get to choose their own leader, who will govern them
 * __Different Types of Colonies in America__:**

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__**Chapter 3 Preview**__
 * Education is advancing in the colonies and many colleges were created. Slave trade is increasing in America and soon will lead to slave rebellion. Also there will be religious conflicts within the colonies, causing religions to reform--->The Great Awakening
 * Slave trade continues to increase and discusses how slaves came to be where they are now. Describes how they were shipped over to America and forced to work on plantations. Discusses the triangular trade and mostly about the Middle Passage. Talks about life as a slave (probably) and slave culture.
 * Discusses and describes the economies in the North and South and how they differ from each other. Describes what their economy is and what supported it.
 * Religious conflicts within colonies--->Puritans and witchcraft>Great Awakening, inspired by the Enlightenment, people began using science to explain things that happened in nature and their surroundings. This led to a spread of science in America (I think).
 * Life in the colonies in general and specific--->what they did for a living, talks about what were the roles of a men, women, and children.

__**Birth and Death Rate Factors**__
 * Medicinal developments and availability
 * Midwives ---> more children and many of them reached adulthood
 * Religious practices/ sacrifices
 * Diseases and plagues
 * Technological developing
 * Better conditions for immigrants
 * More immigrants
 * Life Span development
 * Accidents
 * Gender Balance
 * Government Policies
 * Population Laws
 * Health Care
 * Sex Education
 * Recommend more children, more children = more money from government, government gives money to mother's to support children
 * Crime rate
 * Cuts in jobs ---> suicide
 * War
 * Control food supplies
 * Sin Taxes ---> taxes on alcohol and cigarettes
 * Water supplies, uses on natural resources

__**Social Mobility**__ What is it? How did it apply to the colonists? Why?

Social Mobility is how the people in the society move up and down the social/economic pyramid. It applies to the colonists because when they first came here, those who were appointed by the king to be governors have the most power in the New World. Those who were under the governors were the land owners and other rich people. They, too, have more power but not as much as the governor because of their wealth. Those kind/type of colonists had more rights and power then those other ordinary settlers in the New World. The rest of the colonists are at the bottom of the pyramid which is those who are in the middle class or poor. Slaves are even below than that. Basically, social mobility in the colonies, right now, means whoever has the most power and wealth has total control of almost everything and is at the top of the pyramid. Those who are poor has the least or no powers at all. They always have to listen and obey to those who are above them. This changes when the people of it fight to be on the top.

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Chapter 3 Questions & Answers #'s 3-6


 * __French and Indian War__**

Map Analysis: - England gained the huge amount of land from winning the war against the French (Seven Years' War aka French and Indian War) - After gaining land, Proclamation Line was created to seperate the colonists and the Indians. It's because the Indians participated in the war (helping England) England just doing something in return for them and to make peace with them so they won't attack them. But later on the colonists moved and sarted to settle pass the Proclamation Line. - A huge amount of Canada was also obtained by the British - The area near Alaska was still unexplored because the English and other countries never found it and settled there - An enormous amount of land in the Southwest belonged to Spain

The French and Indian War, also known as the Seven Years' War, took place in America where the British won. British's victory over the French, proved it was the most dominant nation in the world. This also meant, England is beginning to gain more and more control over the colonies which will eventually lead into conflicts between the two countries. The tensions between the European countries also affected those who settled in America. When England and Spain went to war with each other, it caused clashes between the English in Georgia and Spaniards in Florida. Whatever happened in Europe, America suffers through the same. When the French thought English was using the concession with the Iroquois, they thought they were trying to intrude their lands. The French quickly reacted to it, but the English foiled their plans. Tensions between the English and French kept on increasing. The Virginians went to attack the French at Fort Necessity, they failed and this incident began the French and Indian War. The Iroquois sided with the French (but they wanted to side with the English, but the seemed weak) because they seemed stronger. While in Europe, France allied itself with its former enemy, Austria and England sided with France's former ally, Prussia. The war lasted for a long time and later on William Pitt, the English secretary of state, began planning military strategies, appointed military commanders, and issued orders to the colonists. In July 1758, two English generals, Jeffery Amherst and James Wolfe, captured the fortress at Louisbourg and later on Fort Duquesne fell. On September 13, 1759, Quebec fell and the war is starting to come to an end for the Americans. In 1763, peace finally came and the Peace of Paris was signed, its contents is the surrender of the French, England gained the French's territories in America while Spain gained some of the lands west of Mississippi, but New Orleans still belonged to France. Even though the war have ended, but the colonists and England suffered from the outcome.



media type="custom" key="7032813" From this wordle, the words "states", "government", "people", "powers", "colonies", and "laws" were the most often used words in the Declaration of Independence. One of the reasons why they were so commonly used in this document was because at that time period, when it was written, America was trying to break free from England's control. The American colonies believed that the English government had overused its powers on them and they needed to overthrow it before it gets any owrse. The word "people" has a very strong meaning behind it. The colonists were people, the English who lived in Engliand were people also, yet the English government never bothered to pay attention to the colonists needs. They used this word for a numerous amount of time is because they, too, were people that belonged to England and as people they should be treated the right way and the had natural rights. Other smaller words like "declare" and "peace" also had a lot of meaning to the colonists. To them they wanted to declare independence from England and they are willing to fight for that.
 * __The Declaration of Independence Wordle__**

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 * __Assumptions of Republicanism-p.149__**
 * active citizens, engaged in the political process
 * wanted a political system that all of the power belonged/came from the people rather than the government/king. power came from people-->people were politically involved
 * if there's less rich and wealthy people than there will be more people in middle class and this will help republic to survive
 * "all men were created euqal" --> there's no equality in social status for people because everyone has to work for their success, but there is equality in opportunities for people: everyone is born with the quality of opportunities, but its up to you if you can succeed or not
 * meritocracy: fortunes are based on your efforts and talents, not name/birthright
 * democracy formed from this
 * this didn't apply to women, Native Americans, and blacks

Related to today: In today's society, it's just what the Americans first assumptions are. If the citizens weren't as active in participating in the government and their country, this will all fall. Like for intance, if citizens of America didn't buy bonds and refused to participate in war, then this government and America wouldn't last for a very long time. This helps keep our government alive and standing today. Back then, equlity of rights and opportunities didn't apply to everyone, it was just for the white men. But later on they can see, using this kind of a system wouldn't help and it will just damage their government so they had to changed it. But nowadays not much of people are willing to participate in politics.

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